
Who are we?
We are a Spanish language school that offers traditional, grammar-intensive live Spanish classes.
Learn moreMatemáticas (or matemática), mates, math or mathematics… hated by some, loved by others. Do you like math? Some of us struggled with math in school, others excelled. The reality is that whether we like math or not, it is part of our daily life. We use it when paying our bills, budgeting, leaving a tip at a restaurant, cooking, figuring out distance, time, cost of things, and even sports! Other fields such as biology, chemistry, psychology, music, art, sculpture, and economics also use math as a tool.
In this article you will learn basic mathematical terms that you probably already know; you will also learn more advanced vocabulary that may be new to you and, hopefully, you find them useful.
Let’s start with the very basics! If you know these terms, it’s still a good refresher:
Aritmética - Arithmetics
La aritmética or Arithmetics studies numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Are you familiar with the following terms?
Algoritmo - Algorithm
Calculadora - Calculator
Decimal - Decimal
Denominador - Denominator
Derivada - Derivative
División - Division
Ecuación - Equation
Elevado a - Raised to
Fórmula matemática - Mathematical formula
Fracciones impropias - Improper fractions
Fracciones mixtas - Mixed fractions
Fracciones propias - Proper fractions
Fracción - Fraction
Igual a - Equal to
Íntegro - Integer
Logaritmo - Logarithm
Máximo común denominador - Greatest common denominator
Media - Average
Mínimo común múltiplo - Least common multiple
Mitad - Half
Multiplicación - Multiplication
Numerador - Numerator
Números cardinales - Cardinal numbers
Números negativos - Negative numbers
Números ordinales - Ordinal numbers
Números positivos - Positive numbers
Números romanos - Roman numerals
Par / impar - Even / odd
Por - By / times
Positivo / negativo - Positive / negative
Potencia - Power
Problema - Problem
Raíz cuadrada - Square root
Resta - Subtraction
Solución - Solution
Suma - Addition / sum
Tablas de multiplicar - Times tables
Teorema - Theorem
Total - Total
¡Ojo! To add in Spanish use the word más to indicate plus, and use either the singular or the plural form of ser to indicate the equals sign: Tres más tres es seis. Tres más tres son seis. Three plus three is six. Same with subtraction (menos), multiplication (por), and division (dividido por/entre).
Fun Fact! Did you know there is no Roman numeral for cero (zero)? The Roman number system was designed to estimate the prices of goods so they didn’t need any value to represent zero.
Símbolos - Symbols
Here are some common math symbols, can you think of any more to add to the list?
Asterisco - Asterisk
Barra de fracciones - Fraction slash
Corchetes - Brackets
Desigualdad - Inequality
División - Division symbol
Igualdad - Equals
Infinito - Infinity
Llaves - Curly brackets
Más - Plus
Mayor o igual que - Greater-than or equal to
Mayor que - Greater than
Menor o igual que - Less than or equal to
Menor que - Less than
Menos - Minus
Multiplicación - Multiplication
Número pi - Number pi
Paréntesis - Parentheses
Por ciento - Percent
Porcentaje - Percentage
Raíz cuadrada - Square root
Fun fact! Did you know Pi is the Latin name of the sixteenth Greek letter, π? In Spanish we pronounce it [PEE], like the letter P in English.
Operaciones matemáticas - Mathematical operations
Calcular - To calculate
Contar - To count
Dividir - To divide
Multiplicar - To multiply
Restar - To subtract
Sumar - To add
Geometría - Geometry
La geometría or Geometry is the study of space, such as distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures.
Altura - Height
Ángulo agudo - Acute angle
Ángulo obtuso - Obtuse angle
Ángulo recto - Right angle
Ángulo reflexivo - Reflexive angle
Área - Area
Base - Base
Cateto - Leg, side
Centro - Center
Cilindro - Cylinder
Círculo - Circle
Circunferencia - Circumference
Cóncavo - Concave
Cono - Cone
Convexo - Convex
Cuadrado - Square
Diámetro - Diameter
Esfera - Sphere
Figuras geométricas - Geometric shapes
Grado - Degree
Hexágono - Hexagon
Hipotenusa - Hypotenuse
Paralelogramo - Parallelogram
Pentágono - Pentagon
Perímetro - Perimeter
Pirámide - Pyramid
Poliedro - Polyhedron
Polígono - Polygon
Radio - Radius
Rectángulo - Rectangle
Rombo - Diamond
Superficie - Surface
Teorema de Pitágoras - Pythagoras' theorem
Trapecio - Trapeze
Trapezoide - Trapezoid
Triángulo - Triangle
Álgebra - Algebra
El álgebra or Algebra is the study of abstract structures, it helps represent problems or situations in the form of mathematical expressions. Have you heard of any of the following terms?
Binario - Binary
Binomio - Binomial
Constante - Constant
Ecuación - Equation
Exponente - Exponent
Factorización - Factoring
Funciones - Functions
Gráfico - Graph
Logaritmo - Logarithm
Matriz - Matrix
Monomio - Monomial
Polinomio - Polynomial
Secuencias - Sequences
Series - Series
Términos - Terms
Trinomio - Trinomial
Vector - Vector
Estadística - Statistics
La estadística or Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. Statistics helps us make informed decisions by tracking progress, measuring performance, analyzing problems, and prioritizing tasks. Take a look at these useful terms:
Aleatorio - Random
Aumento / incremento / crecimiento - Increase
Cantidad / monto - Amount
Columna - Column
Correlación - Correlation
Curva de campana / campana de Gauss - Bell curve
Datos - Data
Densidad - Density
Desviación típica - Standard deviation
Discreto - Discrete
Disminución / decrecimiento - Decrease
Distribución - Distribution
Distribución geométrica - Geometric distribution
Encabezado - Headline
Errores tipo I, tipo II - Type I, type II errors
Estudio - Study
Experimentos - Experiments
Fila / renglón / casillero - Row
Gastos- Expenditures
Gráfico de barras - Bar graph
Hipótesis alternativa - Alternative hypothesis
Hipótesis nula - Null hypothesis
Ingresos - Income
Media - Mean
Mediana- Median
Muestra - Sample
Observación - Observation
Parámetro - Parameter
Población - Population
Probabilidad - Probability
Secuencia - Sequence
Sesgo - Bias
Significación - Significance
Sin sesgo - Unbiased
Tamaño de la muestra - Sample size
Tasa- Rate
Tendencia- Trend
Valor P - P value
Variable - Variable
Advanced Math
Now that we’ve covered some of the more basic terms, let’s take a look at more complex ones. You may know these from school, work, or these may be completely new to you!
Teoría de conjuntos - Set theory
La teoría de conjuntos or Set Theory is a branch of mathematical logic where we learn sets and their properties. A set is a collection of objects or groups of objects. These objects are often called elements or members of a set. For example, a group of players in a basketball team is a set. These are some common terms:
Complemento de conjuntos - Set complement
Conjunto infinito - Infinite set
Conjuntos disjuntos - Disjoint sets
Conjuntos potentes - Power sets
Conjuntos superpuestos - Overlapping sets
Conjunto único - Singleton set
Conjunto universal - Universal set
Conjunto vacío - Empty set
Intersección de conjuntos - Intersection of sets
Notación de conjuntos - Set notation
Producto cartesiano - Cartesian product
Subconjunto - Subset
Superconjunto - Superset
Teoría descriptiva de conjuntos - Descriptive Set Theory
Teoría axiomática de conjuntos - Axiomatic Set Theory
Unión de conjuntos - Union of sets
Teoría de números - Number Theory
La teoría de números or Number Theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions. Here are some useful terms:
Números pares - Even numbers
Números impares - Odd numbers
Divisibilidad - Divisibility
Ecuaciones diofantinas - Diophantine equations
Número cuadrado - Square number
Número feliz - Happy number
Número pentagonal centrado - Centered pentagonal number
Números compuestos - Composite numbers
Números de Fibonacci - Fibonacci numbers
Números esfénicos - Sphenic numbers
Números primos - Prime numbers
Trigonometría - Trigonometry
La trigonometría or Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and ratios of lengths. Take a look at these terms:
Ángulo - Angle
Círculo unitario - Unit circle
Cofunciones - Cofunctions
Cosecante - Cosecant
Coseno - Cosine
Coseno inverso - Inverse cosine
Cotangente - Cotangent
Fórmulas - Formulas
Identidades de ángulos dobles - Identities of double angles
Identidades del producto - Product identities
Identidades de suma y diferencia - Sum and difference identities
Identidades recíprocas - Reciprocal identities
Identidad trigonométrica pitagórica -Pythagorean trigonometric identities
Radián - Radian
Secante - Secant
Seno - Sine
Tangente - Tangent
Cálculo infinitesimal (Cálculo) - Infinitesimal calculus (Calculus)
El Cálculo or Calculus is the study of change and continuity (more specifically, continuous, as opposed to discrete, change ). Infinitesimal calculus is divided into two areas: cálculo diferencial (differential calculus) and cálculo integral (integral calculus).
Aceleración - Acceleration
Cantidad de cambio - Amount of change
Centroide - Centroid
Continua - Continuous
Convergencia - Convergence
Cuarta derivada - Fourth derivative
Derivado - Derivative
Diferenciación - Differentiation
Dominio - Domain
Ecuación diferencial - Differential equation
Exponente - Exponent
Función cóncava - Concave function
Función diferenciable - Differentiable function
Función - Function
Función implícita - Implicit function
Integración - Integration
Integral - Integral
Límites - Limits
Punto crítico - Critical point
Regla de la cadena - Chain rule
Teorema del valor extremo - Extreme value theorem
Variable dependiente - Dependent variable
Combinatoria - Combinatorics
La combinatoria or Combinatorics is the mathematics of counting and arranging. It applies mathematical operations to count quantities that are too large to be counted the traditional way. It is especially useful in computer science.
Combinación- Combination
Diagrama de árbol - Tree diagram
Espacio muestral - Sample space
Factorial - Factorial
Número combinatorio - Binomial coefficient
Permutación- Permutation
Suceso elemental - Outcome
Técnicas de recuento - Counting techniques
Triángulo de Pascal - Pascal's triangle
Variación- Variation
Teoría de juegos - Game Theory
La teoría de juegos o Game Theory is the science of strategy, or at least the optimal decision-making of independent and competing actors in a strategic setting.
Compromisos - Commitments
Conjunto de información - Information set
Cooperativo - Cooperative
Eficiencia de Pareto - Pareto efficiency
Equilibrio de Nash - Nash equilibrium
Equilibrio - Equilibrium
Estrategia dominada - Dominated Strategy
Estrategia - Strategy
Juego aceptable - Acceptable game
Juego de suma cero - Zero-sum game
Jugador - Player
Matriz de retribución - Payoff matrix
Movimientos simultáneos - Simultaneous moves
Pago - Payoff
Perfil de preferencias - Preference profile
Punto de equilibrio - Saddle point
Valor del juego - Value of the game
Ejemplos - Examples
Calculadora / Calculator: Los estudiantes no pueden utilizar la calculadora para el examen de matemáticas. (Students are not allowed to use the calculator for the math exam.)
Contar / To count: A Susana le ayuda contar ovejas para dormirse. (It helps Susana to count sheep to fall asleep.)
División / Division: Dividamos este pastel entre cinco trozos. (Let's divide this cake into five pieces.)
Media / Average: Los adolescentes pasan una media de 8 horas diarias frente a las pantallas. (Teens spend an average of 8 hours on screens per day.)
Multiplicación / Multiplication: El número de niños que tienen un teléfono móvil se ha multiplicado en los últimos años. (The number of kids who have a cell phone has multiplied in recent years.)
Números romanos / Roman numerals: Los números romanos se utilizan para nombrar los siglos. (Roman numerals are used for naming centuries.)
Paréntesis / Parentheses: Los paréntesis agrupan ciertos números para indicar cuáles son las operaciones que deben realizarse primero. (Parentheses group certain numbers together to indicate which operations should be performed first.)
Pirámide / Pyramid: Una pirámide alimenticia es una buena manera de ilustrar qué alimentos componen una dieta sana. (A food pyramid is a great way to illustrate what foods make up a healthy diet.)
Porcentaje / Percentage: En los restaurantes en Estados Unidos, se suele dejar de propina entre un 15 y un 20 por ciento del total de la cuenta. (In restaurants in the United States, it is customary to tip between 15 and 20 percent of the total bill.)
Radio / Radius: Hay muchos restaurantes en un radio de tres kilómetros. (There are many restaurants within a two-mile radius.)
Resta / Subtraction: Para saber qué hora es en Chicago, resta una hora si vives en la hora central del Este.. (To find out what time it is in Chicago, subtract one hour if you live in Eastern Central Time.)
Suma / Addition: Para calcular tu numerología suma todos los números de tu fecha de nacimiento. (To calculate your numerology add up all the numbers of your birth date.)
Tabla de multiplicar / Times table: La tabla de multiplicar del 1 es la más fácil. (The 1 times table is the easiest.)
¡Ojo! Do you remember the prepositions entre or por? In other non-mathematical contexts, these words mean between and by/through/along respectively. Same thing happens with más, aside from meaning plus, in other contexts it can be translated as more, most, further. What about menos? Aside from minus, do you remember what else it means in other contexts?
Conclusion
You made it! Whether you need to know math vocabulary in Spanish for school, work, or you just love math AND Spanish, you now have a very comprehensive guide with many terms for you to study and reference. We covered from the very basics to some advanced material.
Now let’s practice some basic terms!
Quiz
Let’s practice some of the terms you learned. Don’t worry! You are not being tested on how to calculate a cosine of an angle, just some vocabulary in Spanish!
Geometría. Match the descriptions with the shapes.
Polígono de tres ángulos y tres lados.
Figura plana cerrada por cuatro líneas rectas iguales que forman otros tantos ángulos rectos.
Sólido limitado por un plano que corta a una superficie cónica cerrada.
Figura que tiene cinco ángulos y cinco lados.
Área o superficie plana contenida dentro de una circunferencia.
A. Cono
B. Triángulo
C. Cuadrado
D. Círculo
E. Pentágono
***********************
Answer Key:
B
C
A
E
D
Aritmética. Fill in the gaps with the correct word.
Uno ______ tres es cuatro. más / menos/ por/ dividido por
Diez ______ dos es ocho. más / menos/ por/ dividido por
Cuatro ____ cuatro es dieciséis. más / menos/ por/ dividido por
Veinte ______ dos es diez. más / menos/ por/ dividido por
Cinco _____ tres es quince. más / menos/ por/ dividido por
***********************
Answer Key:
Más
Menos
Por
Dividido por
Por
Símbolos. Match each symbol with the term in Spanish.
=
<
%
>
()
A. Mayor que
B. Menor que
C. Paréntesis
D. Porcentaje
E. Igual
***********************
Answer Key:
E
B
D
A
C

Who are we?
We are a Spanish language school that offers traditional, grammar-intensive live Spanish classes.
Learn more